Abstract: Occupational structure and educational groups are the most important factors in the society-population system. The interaction between them is profoundly significant for economic development, upgrading of the industrial structure and training of innovative talents in China. In order to analyze the close relationship between occupational structure and educational groups, the paper studies the system structure based on the related data of China's population and employment from the perspective of system theory. The paper initially adopts the federated distribution model to discuss the coupling interaction between occupational structure and educational groups, involving mobility, correlation and imbalance of occupation-education system. The results show that the education constitutions of different occupations vary greatly, and the average degree is low. The mobility, correlation and imbalance of occupation-education system increase gradually in China, and are more diploma-oriented.