Abstract: By using an aggregate production function model with capital, labor and energy consumption and adopting the data between 2001 and 2010, this paper studies effects from factor input to economic growth at provincial level in China. Our findings are as follows. Firstly, the capital increment can not effectively promote economic growth in China, so it is imperative to reduce or slow capital investment and it is the trend to transform traditional industries by advanced technology. Secondly, labor force significantly drives economic growth in Chinese eastern and central regions, but obstructs the development of the underdeveloped western provinces, so there is a need to speed up the labor transfer and the process of urban and rural integration in western provinces. Finally, energy consumption leads to the economic growth in most provinces, so energy conservation policies should be treated with caution.