中世纪英国货币治理问题初探——基于英王货币政策的考察

    Study of Monetary Management in Medieval England

    • 摘要: 货币治理伴随着货币制度的形成而出现。中世纪英国货币治理问题是由自然磨损、削剪、伪造、私运货币和贵金属外流等现象所引起。鉴于此,英王颁布法令严惩货币流通中的违法行为,并派人搜查主要港口和市场上的商旅以抵制劣币的流入和使用、严禁汇票的使用以防本土货币的外流、大规模重铸货币以改善货币流通。上述治理举措体现了英王货币政策的主要特征,即控制货币的铸造和发行、肃清流通中的国外劣质货币、保持货币的高标准、反对国内贵金属的输出。中世纪英王货币治理的举措及其成功经验,如高度控制铸币权和货币价值,对当代中国的货币管制具有十分重要的借鉴意义。

       

      Abstract: Money management is accompanied by the formation of the monetary system. The monetary management problem of medieval England was caused by wear and tear, clipping, counterfeiting, and smuggling of coin and the outflow of precious metals in circulation. To this end, the King promulgated a series of statutes to punish illegal activities, sent officials to search business travelers in the main ports and markets to resist the inflow of inferior coins, prohibited the use of the bill of exchange to prevent the outflow of domestic coins and precious metals, and carried out massive recoinage to improve currency circulation.These measures reflected the main features of the King's monetary policy, namely controlling the minting and issuing of coin, eliminated inferior foreign currency in circulation, maintaining a high standard of coin,and resisting the outflow of the domestic precious metals. Medieval England's monetary management measures and successful experiences,for instance, the heightened control of coinage rights and monetary value, have very important implications for contemporary China's currency control.

       

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